Acknowledgements 1
1
Chest
1.1 Chest wall and pleura
Chest wall bony and soft tissue lesions Diseases of the pleura a Pleural effusion 12 Pneumothorax 14
Diaphragmatic hernia/eventration
1.2 Mediastinum 18 Mediastinitis 18
Anterior mediastinal masses 20
Middle mediastinal masses 26
Posterior mediastinal masses
32
34
Miscellaneous mediastinal masses
Pericardial conditions
36
1.3 Pulmonary infection 38 Lobar pneumonia 38
Bronchopneumonia, anaerobic and atypical
pneumonia 40
Pulmonary tuberculosis 42 Fungal infections 44
Metazoal and protozoal diseases 48
Pulmonary complications of HIV infection 50
1.4 Large airway disease 52 Tracheal disorders 52 Bronchiectasis 56
Congenital airway disorders 58 Emphysema 60
Chronic bronchitis and asthma 62 Miscellaneous airway disorders 64
1.5 Pulmonary lobar collapse 66 Mechanisms and radiographic appearances 66 Patterns of lobar collapse 68
1.6 Pulmonary neoplasms 72
76
Evaluation of the solitary pulmonary nodule 72 Lung cancer: radiological features Lung cancer pearls 26 Lymphoproliferative disorders 8 Benign pulmonary tumours 80
Miscellaneous pulmonary malignancies 82
1.7 High-resolution computed tomography
(HRCT)
Hect patterns of diffuse lung disease Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
Sarcoidosis 10
Connective tissue diseases
Systemic vasculitides ag
Drug-Induced lung disease
Siticosis/coal workers pneumoconiosis
Asbestos-related disease
104
Miscellaneous interstitial lung diseases
1.8 Chest trauma
Chest wall and lung trauma
Trauma to the diaphragm 12 Mediastinal trauma
1.9 Airspace disease Airspace disease 16
1.10 Paediatric chest 22 Congenital chest abnormalities
Causes of neonatal respiratory distress Normal paediatric chest and problems with
mechanical ventilation 132
1.11 Miscellaneous ITU chest conditions Lung transplantation 34 36
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Itu chest imaging H
2 Cardiovascular System
2.1 Congenital heart disease
Introduction 44
Cyanotic congenital heart disease
Acyanotic congenital heart disease
164
Anomalies of the aortic arch (vascular rings)
Septal defects 160
Other anomalies 162
2.2 Non-ischaemic acquired heart disease Acquired mitral valve disease
tea
Tricuspid and pulmonary valve disease
Acquired aortic valve disease
Prosthetic valves 17:
Cardiomyopathies 14
Cardiac tumours 178
Cardiac trauma 1800
170
CON
2.3 Pulmonary circulation and
thromboembolism 12
Pulmonary thromboembolic disease Pulmonary vascular patterns
2.4 The aorta 192
Aortic rupture 150
Aortic dissection
15%
Aortic aneurysms 200
Mid-aortic syndrome and Takayasu's disease of the
aorta 208
Aortic occlusive disease 20K
Interventional endovascular management 208
2.5 Peripheral vascular disease 210 Gastrointestinal vascular disorders 210 Carotid artery stenosis 212
Peripheral vascular disease of the lower
extremities
21%
Disorders of the venous system 216
Miscellaneous vascular disorders
718
220
Conventional coronary angiography and
2.6 Ischaemic heart disease
echocardiography 223
CT imaging in ischaemic heart disease 222 MR imaging in ischaemic heart disease
Nuclear cardiac imaging
224
Manifestations of atheromatous coronary artery
disease
3
230
Gastrointestinal
3.1 Oesophagus 238
Hiatus hernia and refiux 238
Oesophagitis and benign strictures 240
236
Benign and malignant oesophageal tumours 242 Gesophageal carcinoma
Gesophageal dysmotility disorders 248
Miscellaneous oesophageal conditions 250
3.2 Stomach
252
Benign gastric ulcers 252
Gastritis 24
Benign and malignant gastric tumours
Gastric Garonoma
Gastric surgery 256
250
Miscellaneous gastric conditions
3.3 Duodenum 26
Peptic ulceration, gastric heterotopia duodenal
diverticula
270
Benign and malignant duodenal tumours
Miscellaneous duodenal conditions 27%
3.4 Small bowel 276
Crohn's disease (CD) 276
212
Infections/infestations of the small bowel 276
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GPT) and
carcinoid tumours 243
Benign and malignant small brent tumours )
Causes of small bowel obstruction Miscellaneous small bowel disorders
35 Colan 200
Ulcerative colitis and toxic megacolon
Colitis 294
Polyos: 204
Polyposis syndromes 26
Colorectal cancer
300
Diverticulosis and large bowel strictures
Large bowel obstruction an
Miscellaneous disorders of the large bowed
3.6 Liver
313
Anatomy and imaging techniques Benign diffuse liver disease Cirrhosis
Benign solid liver lesions as
Malignant solid liver lesions
Hepatic vascular lesions
332
Miscellaneous liver conditions
Liver transplantation and interventional
techniques 344
Diffusion-weighted MP imaging of the liver MR contrast agents and the liver 348
3.7 Biliary 350
Methods of investigation 350
Cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis 182 Cholecystitis 354
Miscellaneous gallbladder conditions Benign biliary strictures
186
Malignant biliary tumours 360 Biliary atresia and hypoplasia Miscellaneous bile duct disorders
3.8 Pancreas 366
Congenital abnormalities
Pancreatitis
tod
300
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Cystic pancreatic turnours
Endocrine and islet cell pancreatic tumours
Pancreatic trauma, transplant and intervention
3.9 Spleen 0
Miscellaneous splenic conditions 180
3.10 Peritoneum, mesentery and omentum Benign diseases 382
Developmental anomalies of the mesentery Infective/inflammatory conditions of the
mesentery 386
Neoplastic peritoneal/omental disorders 388 Neoplastic mesenteric disorders 390
3.11 Plain abdominal radiograph 392 Abnormal gas distribution 392
3.12 Paediatric gastrointestinal disorders Abdominal wall defects 394
394
396
Gastrointestinal causes of neonatal vomiting
Oesophageal atresia (OA) and tracheo-oesophageal
fistula (TOF) 398
Malrotation 400
Delayed passage of meconium 407
Abdominal manifestations of cystic fibrosis
404
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) 405
Anorectal malformations 408
Neuroblastoma (NB) 410
Miscellaneous paediatric gastrointestinal
disorders 412
4
Genitourinary
4.1 Kidneys 415
Renal parenchymal disease 416
Renal tract infection/inflammation 418
Renal artery stenosis (RAS) 424
Renal vascular abnormalities 426
Benign renal masses 430
Renal parenchymal malignancies 432 Other malignancies 434
Transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary
tract 435
Renal failure 438
Renal transplantation: assessment 440 Renal transplantation: postoperative
complications 442 Urolithiasis 4elate
Methods of imaging in obstruction 446
Dilatation of the urinary tract Upper urinary tract trauma
4.2 Bladder 454
448
450
Miscellaneous bladder conditions 454
Bladder tumours
456
Lower urinary tract trauma
4.3 Prostate 460
458
Prostate: benign disorders 460 Carcinoma of the prostate 462
Prostate anatomy and imaging 464
4.4 Urethra
466
Urethra: benign disorders 466 Tumours of the urethra 468
4.5 Male reproductive system 479 Cryptorchidism and testicular torsion 470 Primary testicular malignancies 472 Miscellaneous scrotal lesions 474 Miscellaneous penile conditions 476
415
4.6 Paediatric genitourinary disorders 478 Duplex kidney ATA
Congenital conal anomalies 48
Congenital renal cystic disease
Childhood renal malignancies 488
Paediatric petor and scrotal malignancies 492
Musculoskeletal System
5.1 Skeletal trauma
Introduction 495
Assessment of cervical spine injuries 199
Spinal injuries 500
Shoulder injuries 306
Upper extremity injuries 512
Carpal bone injuries 54
Wrist and hand injuries STB
Pelvic injuries 520
Hip injuries 522
Avascular necrosis of the hip 525 Knee and lower leg fractures 528 Knee soft tissue injuries 532 Ankle injuries 536
Foot injuries 538
5.2 Paediatric fractures 540 Specific paediatric fractures 540 Radiology of non-accidental injury 542
Skeletal and brain injuries in non-accidental
injury S
5.3 Soft tissue imaging 550
Localized calcification and ossification 550 Generalized soft tissue calcification Soft tissue masses 554
552
5.4 General characteristics of bone tumour General characteristics of bone turnours 558
5.5 Benign bone tumours 560 Chandroid origin
Osteoid origin
560 564
Osteoid origin/tumours of neural tissue 566 Cystic lesions 568
Giant cell tumour/ipomatous bone lesions Fibrous origin 572
Vascular origin
Miscellaneous bone lesions 576
5.6 Malignant bone tumours 580 Chondroid origin 580
Osteosarcoma 582
Other varieties of osteosarcoma 584 Fibrous origin 586
Medullary origin 588
Miscellaneous malignant bone tumours. Bone metastases 592
5
5.7 Metabolic and endocrine skeletal disease 594
Osteoporosis 594
Vitamin D deficiency 596 Endocrine bone disorders
598
Metabolic bone disorders 602
5.8 Joint disease 610
Introduction
Osteoarthritis
610
612
Haemophilic and neuropathic arthropathies 614
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis and dish 616
618
Seronegative spondyloarthropathy 620
Rheumatoid arthritis
Depositional arthropathy 624
Polyarthritis associated with other diseases
630
5.9 Bone and soft tissue infection 636 Acute osteomyelitis 636
Chronic osteomyelitis 638
Miscellaneous bone and soft tissue infections 642
5.10 Congenital skeletal anomalies 646 Developmental skeletal anomalies 646 Selected osteochondrodysplasias 648 Localized disorders of the skeleton 658 Haemoglobinopathies 662
5.11 Myeloproliferative disorders 666 Reticuloendothelial disorders 666 White cell disorders
668
Plasma cell dyscrasias 670
6 Women's Imaging
6.1 Breast 676 Introduction 676
Benign mass lesions 678
Microcalcifications 682
Invasive breast carcinoma 684
Contrast-enhanced MRI in breast cancer
688
6.2 Gynaecology 690
Imaging techniques in gynaecology 690
675
Congenital anomalies of the female genital tract 692
Benign uterine conditions 694
Endometrial carcinoma 698
Carcinoma of the cervix 700
Benign ovarian tumours
702
Endometriosis, polycystic ovaries and physiological
ovarian cysts 704
Ovarian carcinoma 706
Miscellaneous gynaecological conditions 10
7 Neuroradiology
7.1 Intracranial tumours
716
716
718
Imaging techniques and general features Classification of intracranial tumours
Gliomas 720
Infratentorial tumours
Supratentorial tumours
Extra-axial turnours
77A
740
70
Meningioma and skull base tumours Cerebral and meningeal metastases as Intraventricular tumours 798
Pituitary region tumours 740 Pineal region tumours 74
7.2 Cerebrovascular disease and non-traumatic
haemorrhage 746
Cerebral ischaemia 746
Other patterns of cerebrovascular disease o Carotid and vertebral artery dissection Non-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage Cerebral artery aneurysms 758 Arteriovenous malformations 760
7.3 Brain infection, aids and demyelinating
diseases 762
Intracranial infection
752
Hiv infection and aids 768
Demyelinating and inflammatory disorders
7.4 Brain trauma, degenerative disorders and
epilepsy 776
Head injury 776
Primary and secondary cerebral injury 778 Dementias and epilepsy 780
Skull bone disease 782
Hydrocephalus 784
7.5 Paediatric neuroradiology 785
Cerebellar malformations
Chiari malformations 788
786
Cerebral malformations 790
Malformations of neuronal migration and cortical
organization 792
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) Neurocutaneous syndromes 79%
Inborn metabolic brain disorders
Congenital skull anomalies 800
28
Congenital intracranial infections 802 Paediatric meningitis
804
Hypoxic-Ischaemic injury in the developing brain
7.6 The spine 808
Spinal dysraphism 808
Congenital spinal anomalies 8:0
Skeletal abnormalities
815
Vascular spinal lesions 818
714
Spinal tumours 820
Spinal infection 830
Infective/inflammatory disorders of the spine
Spinal cord trauma and the postoperative spine Degenerative spinal disease 836
7.7 The orbit 842
The orbit
842
Conal and extraconal disorders
Intraconal disorders 848
7.8 Ear, nose and throat radiology 856
Selected disorders of the ear 856
Nose and paranasal sinuses 858
The nasopharynx
850
Disorders of the oropharynx, larynx and soft tissues of
the neck 862
7.9 Dental radiology 854
Mandibular/maxillary cystic lesions
Tumours of bone 856
Facial trauma
858
Salivary glands 870
Salivary gland disorders 872
8
Endocrine System
8.1 Thyroid disorders 875
Thyroid cancer 876
Miscellaneous thyroid disorders 880
8.2 Adrenal disorders 882
866
Non-functional adrenal disorders 882
Adrenal hyperfunction 888
9
Lymphoma
9 Lymphoma 894
Lymphoma 894
Lymph node disease in lymphoma 898
875
893
Extranodal manifestations of lymphoma
Extranodal manifestations of lymphoma
Monitoring the response to therapy in lymphoma
10
Functional Imaging
10.1 Functional imaging 915
11
715
Interventional Radiology
923
11.1 Interventional vascular radiology
techniques 924
11.2 Cross-sectional vascular imaging 929
11.3 Specific drainage techniques 929
11.4 Principles of tumour ablation 930
11.5 Hepatobiliary intervention 934
11.6 Genitourinary interventional radiology
11.7 Woman's imaging - interventional
radiology 942
Obstetric haemorrhage 942
12 Appendices
12.1 General pearls 946
12.2 Anatomy pearls 954
12.3 Pearls in musculoskeletal imaging and
pathology 958
Pearls in pathology 958
Pearls in musculoskeletal imaging Sec
12.4 Patterns of tumour spread 964
Cns lymphoma 900
12.5 Tnm staging of common cancers
970
Pulmonary lymphoma 902
Lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract
904
Musculoskeletal lymphoma 906
Index 987